Compare New Zealand (2003) - Marshall Islands (2006)

Compare New Zealand (2003) z Marshall Islands (2006)

	New Zealand (2003)	Marshall Islands (2006)

Administrative divisions	16 regions; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, West Coast	33 municipalities; Ailinginae, Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikar, Bikini, Bokak, Ebon, Enewetak, Erikub, Jabat, Jaluit, Jemo, Kili, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Rongrik, Toke, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Wotje
Age structure	0-14 years: 21.9% (male 443,837; female 423,118) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 1,318,751; female 1,307,796) 65 years and over: 11.6% (male 199,722; female 258,083) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 38.1% (male 11,720/female 11,295) 15-64 years: 59.2% (male 18,305/female 17,445) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 801/female 856) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, dairy products; fish	coconuts, tomatoes, melons, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens
Airports	113 (2002)	15 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 46 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 28 under 914 m: 5 (2002)	total: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 67 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 26 under 914 m: 39 (2002)	total: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 1 (2006)
Area	total: 268,680 sq km land: NA sq km water: NA sq km note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands	total: 11,854.3 sq km land: 181.3 sq km water: 11,673 sq km (note - lagoon waters) note: includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik
Area - comparative	about the size of Colorado	about the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.	After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the atolls between 1947 and 1962. The Marshall Islands hosts the US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) Reagan Missile Test Site, a key installation in the US missile defense network.
Birth rate	14.14 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	33.05 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $29.2 billion expenditures: $31.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2002)	revenues: $42 million expenditures: $40 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1999)
Capital	Wellington	name: Majuro geographic coordinates: 7 05 N, 171 08 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	temperate with sharp regional contrasts	tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt
Coastline	15,134 km	370.4 km
Constitution	consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter	1 May 1979
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: New Zealand abbreviation: NZ	conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands conventional short form: Marshall Islands local long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands local short form: Marshall Islands abbreviation: RMI former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Marshall Islands District
Currency	New Zealand dollar (NZD)	-
Death rate	7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	4.78 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$33 billion (2002 est.)	$86.5 million (FY99/00 est.)
Dependent areas	Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Charles J. SWINDELLS embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034 telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000 FAX: [64] (4) 472-3478 consulate(s) general: Auckland	chief of mission: Ambassador Greta N. MORRIS embassy: Oceanside, Mejen Weto, Long Island, Majuro mailing address: P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379 telephone: [692] 247-4011 FAX: [692] 247-4012
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador L. John WOOD chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800 FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York	chief of mission: Ambassador Banny DE BRUM chancery: 2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-5414 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3236 consulate(s) general: Honolulu
Disputes - international	territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)	claims US territory of Wake Island
Economic aid - donor	ODA, $99.7 million	-
Economic aid - recipient	-	$51.1 million more than $1 billion from the US, 1986-2002
Economy - overview	Since 1984 the government has accomplished major economic restructuring, transforming New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. While per capita incomes have been rising, however, they remain below the level of the four largest EU economies, and there is some government concern that New Zealand is not closing the gap. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth, and it has been affected by the global economic slowdown and the slump in commodity prices. Thus far the New Zealand economy has been relatively resilient, although growth may slow to 2.5% in 2003.	US Government assistance is the mainstay of this tiny island economy. Agricultural production, primarily subsistence, is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Under the terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the US will provide millions of dollars per year to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2023, at which time a Trust Fund made up of US and RMI contributions will begin perpetual annual payouts. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to the Asian financial difficulties, and less income from the renewal of fishing vessel licenses have held GDP growth to an average of 1% over the past decade.
Electricity - consumption	34.88 billion kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	37.51 billion kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 31.6% hydro: 57.8% nuclear: 0% other: 10.7% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Likiep 10 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside	inadequate supplies of potable water; pollution of Majuro lagoon from household waste and discharges from fishing vessels
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European 4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4%	Micronesian
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.16 (2002), 2.38 (2001), 2.2 (2000), 1.89 (1999), 1.87 (1998)	the US dollar is used
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since NA July 2002) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general	chief of state: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 5 January 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 5 January 2004) cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of the legislature elections: president elected by Parliament from among its own members for a four-year term; election last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held November 2007) election results: Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of Parliament vote - 100%
Exports	30,220 bbl/day (2001)	$9.1 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities	dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery	copra cake, coconut oil, handicrafts, fish
Exports - partners	Australia 20.3%, US 15.5%, Japan 11.5%, UK 4.8%, China 4.6%, South Korea 4.4% (2002)	US, Japan, Australia, China (2004)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	1 October - 30 September
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation	blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes
GDP	purchasing power parity - $78.4 billion (2002 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 8% industry: 23% services: 69% (2001)	agriculture: 31.7% industry: 14.9% services: 53.4% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $20,100 (2002 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	3.3% (2002 est.)	3.5% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	41 00 S, 174 00 E	9 00 N, 168 00 E
Geography - note	about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world	Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is used as a US missile test range; island city of Ebeye is the second largest settlement in the Marshall Islands, after the capital of Majuro, and one of the most densely populated locations in the Pacific
Heliports	1 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 92,053 km paved: 57,809 km (including at least 190 km of expressways) unpaved: 34,244 km (2000)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 0.3% highest 10%: 29.8% (1991 est.)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	119,700 bbl/day (2001)	$54.7 million f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics	foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco
Imports - partners	Australia 22.1%, US 13.6%, Japan 12%, China 8%, Germany 5.2% (2002)	US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China, Philippines (2004)
Independence	26 September 1907 (from UK)	21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	3% (2001 est.)	NA%
Industries	food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining	copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items from seashells, wood, and pearls
Infant mortality rate	total: 6.07 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.96 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: 28.43 deaths/1,000 live births male: 31.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.7% (2002 est.)	3% (2005 est.)
International organization participation	ABEDA, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, C, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNMOP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO	ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, IDA, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	36 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	2,850 sq km (1998 est.)	0 sq km
Judicial branch	High Court; Court of Appeal	Supreme Court; High Court; Traditional Rights Court
Labor force	1.92 million (2001 est.)	14,680 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	services 65%, industry 25%, agriculture 10% (1995)	agriculture: 21.4% industry: 20.9% services: 57.7%
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 5.8% permanent crops: 6.44% other: 87.76% (1998 est.)	arable land: 11.11% permanent crops: 44.44% other: 44.45% (2005)
Languages	English (official), Maori (official)	Marshallese 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census) note: English widely spoken as a second language; both Marshallese and English are official languages
Legal system	based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for the Maori; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Legislative branch	unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; 69 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, and 51 proportional seats chosen from party lists, all to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 27 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NZLP 52, NP 27, NZFP 13, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 9, UF 8, other 2	unicameral legislature or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held by November 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA note: the Council of Chiefs or Ironij is a 12-member body comprised of tribal chiefs that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 78.32 years male: 75.34 years female: 81.44 years (2003 est.)	total population: 70.31 years male: 68.33 years female: 72.39 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1980 est.) male: NA% female: NA%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.7% male: 93.6% female: 93.7% (1999)
Location	Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia	Oceania, two archipelagic island chains of 29 atolls, each made up of many small islets, and five single islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Map references	Oceania	Oceania
Maritime claims	continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 69,685 GRT/106,627 DWT ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 2, container 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1 (2002 est.)	total: 795 ships (1000 GRT or over) 30,772,611 GRT/50,987,293 DWT by type: barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 178, cargo 53, chemical tanker 133, container 147, liquefied gas 25, passenger 7, petroleum tanker 234, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 7, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 5 foreign-owned: 730 (Australia 2, Bermuda 4, Brazil 1, Canada 6, Chile 1, Croatia 2, Cyprus 15, Denmark 1, Finland 2, Germany 194, Greece 199, Hong Kong 7, Isle of Man 1, Italy 1, Japan 7, South Korea 1, Latvia 7, Monaco 8, Netherlands 1, Norway 65, Russia 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Singapore 6, Slovenia 3, Spain 3, Switzerland 13, Turkey 20, UAE 3, UK 12, US 143) registered in other countries: 1 (North Korea 1) (2006)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches	New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force	no regular military forces; Marshall Islands Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$605.7 million (FY02)	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1% (FY02)	NA
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,021,770 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 859,505 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	20 years of age (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 26,803 (2003 est.)	-
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)
Nationality	noun: New Zealander(s) adjective: New Zealand	noun: Marshallese (singular and plural) adjective: Marshallese
Natural hazards	earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity	infrequent typhoons
Natural resources	natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone	coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals
Net migration rate	4.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-5.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines	gas 2,213 km; liquid petroleum gas 79 km; oil 160 km; refined products 304 km (2003)	-
Political parties and leaders	ACT New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Alliance (a coalition of the New Labor Party, Democratic Party, New Zealand Liberal Party, and Mana Motuhake) [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]	traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Aelon Kein Ad Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	3,951,307 (July 2003 est.)	60,422 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	1.09% (2003 est.)	2.25% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998)	AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 note: additionally, the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Services (Central Pacific Network) operate one FM and one AM station on Kwajalein (2005)
Railways	total: 3,898 km narrow gauge: 3,898 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2002)	-
Religions	Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986)	Protestant 54.8%, Assembly of God 25.8%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, Bukot nan Jesus 2.8%, Mormon 2.1%, other Christian 3.6%, other 1%, none 1.5% (1999 census)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems domestic: NA international: submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: digital switching equipment; modern services include telex, cellular, internet, international calling, caller ID, and leased data circuits domestic: Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by high frequency radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes) and mini-satellite telephones international: country code - 692; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use	1.92 million (2000)	5,510 (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular	2.2 million (2000)	1,198 (2004)
Television broadcast stations	41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)	2 (both are US military stations) note: Marshalls Broadcasting Service (cable company) operates on Majuro (2005)
Terrain	predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains	low coral limestone and sand islands
Total fertility rate	1.79 children born/woman (2003 est.)	3.85 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	5.3% (2002 est.)	30.9% (2000 est.)
Waterways	1,609 km note: of little importance in satisfying total transportation requirements	-

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